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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(1): 19-25, feb. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388706

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El presente artículo busca conocer cómo los profesionales conciben la sexualidad de mujeres en etapa de climaterio, enfatizando aspectos relativos a la salud sexual, al deseo sexual y a los problemas de la sexualidad. MÉTODOS: Enfoque cualitativo basado en la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Se realizaron diez entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de dos Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) del sector sur de Santiago. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que, si bien existe cierta tendencia a concebir el climaterio desde un punto de vista biologicista centrada principalmente en la "falla hormonal", los/as profesionales muestran diversos grados de reflexividad respecto a cómo aspectos socioculturales, económicos y de género moldean la sexualidad de mujeres en la etapa de climaterio. CONCLUSIONES: Los/as profesionales asumen posturas críticas respecto al rol de las instituciones y programas en salud, a las limitaciones laborales en los centros de salud (por ej. materiales, tiempo, etc.) y a la formación profesional. Este artículo promueve la formulación de políticas de salud en la materia, así como la revisión de los planes de estudio de las carreras de la salud.


OBJECTIVE: This article aims to examine how professional practitioners view womens sexuality in the climacteric stage, emphasizing aspects related to sexual health, sexual desire, and sexual disorders. METHODS: Qualitative approach based on the Grounded Theory. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from two Family Health Centers (CESFAM) in southern Santiago. RESULTS: The results show that, although there is a certain tendency to approach the climacteric from a biological viewpoint focused mainly on the “ovarian failure”, practitioners show different degrees of reflexivity regarding how sociocultural, economic and gender aspects shape womens sexuality in the climacteric stage. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners adopt critical positions regarding the role of health institutions and programs, work limitations in health centers, and the practitioners training. This article promotes the development of health policies in the matter, as well as the revision of study plans of health careers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Climacteric/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Sexuality/psychology , Aging , Chile , Interview , Qualitative Research , Sexual Health
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(1): 243-252, jan. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356044

ABSTRACT

Abstract We analyze how the interactions between the trans population and the Chilean healthcare system shape specific processes of malaise associated with gender transition ("tránsito de género"). Adopting psychoanalytic and transfeminist conceptual approaches, as well as a biographical methodology, we examine autobiographical narratives of three trans subjects. We discuss three topics: childhood as a critical period for gender transition and malaise; the role of institutions; and the ways through which subjects manage malaise. We argue that trans subjects face specific sociocultural conditions that lead to unique processes of malaise associated with gender transition. We show how politicization and the construction of an institutional framework, bodily aesthetical modifications, and the self-administration of medical knowledge emerge as some of the paths to navigate the gender transition process. Besides, we foreground the notion of "transitioning" ("transicionar") by considering the criticism voiced by the participants. By using this notion, they interrogate the rigidity and psychopathologization of identity that is implicitly present in the notion of gender transition, as well as they enrich the transfeminist discourse in favor of their agency/autonomy.


Resumo Analisamos como as interações entre a população trans e o sistema de saúde chileno conformam processos específicos de mal-estar associados à transição de gênero ("tránsito de género"). Adotando abordagens conceituais psicanalíticas e transfeministas, bem como uma metodologia biográfica, examinamos narrativas autobiográficas de três sujeitos trans. Discutimos três tópicos: a infância como um período crítico para a transição e mal-estar de gênero; o papel das instituições; e as maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos lidam com o mal-estar. Argumentamos que sujeitos trans enfrentam condições socioculturais específicas que levam a processos únicos de mal-estar associados à transição de gênero. Mostramos como a politização e a construção de um arcabouço institucional, as modificações estéticas corporais e a autogestão do saber médico surgem como alguns dos caminhos para navegar o processo de transição de gênero. Além disso, colocamos em primeiro plano a noção de "transição" ("transicionar") considerando as críticas expressas pelos participantes. Ao utilizar essa noção, interrogam a rigidez e a psicopatologização da identidade que está implicitamente presente na noção de transição de gênero, bem como enriquecem o discurso transfeminista em favor de sua agência/autonomia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Gender Identity , Health Services , Chile , Delivery of Health Care , Narration
3.
Saúde Soc ; 28(1): 75-91, jan.-mar. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-991673

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although research on ADHD has tended to ignore gender differentials, recent contributions produced mainly from epidemiology have revealed that this diagnostic category seems to be strongly related to gender. However, these contributions seem to limit their scope to the study of the symptoms as well as cognitive, affective and social functioning of children, leaving aside subjective aspects associated with the ADHD practices of diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this article aims to explore how the gender dimension crosses the subjective experience of children diagnosed with ADHD. Based on open interviews conducted with children between the ages of 7 and 13, we show general trends that articulate gender and characteristics associated with the ADHD diagnosis, while at the same time, with children's experiences that dislocate such trends. The findings were grouped according to four emerging axes: (1) locations, (2) abilities, (3) approches, (4) interactions. Thus, we will show how the experience of boys and girls is multiple in relation to the diagnosis and it is not possible to be reduced to a gender binary perspective.


Resumen Si bien las investigaciones sobre TDA-H han tendido a dejar los aspectos diferenciales de género en un lugar secundario, recientes contribuciones emanadas principalmente desde la epidemiología han revelado que esta categoría diagnóstica parece estar fuertemente relacionada con el reparto de los géneros. Sin embargo, dichas contribuciones parecen limitar sus alcances al estudio de la sintomatología y funcionamiento cognitivo, afectivo y social de los(as) niños(as), dejando de lado aspectos subjetivos asociados a las prácticas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de TDA-H. De este modo, el objetivo de este artículo es explorar cómo la dimensión de género configura la experiencia subjetiva de niños(as) diagnosticados(as) con TDA-H. A partir de la realización de entrevistas abiertas realizadas a niños entre 7 y 13 años, damos cuenta de tendencias generales que articulan género y características asociadas al diagnóstico de TDA-H, a la vez que, con experiencias infantiles que dislocan tales tendencias. Los resultados se agruparon en función de cuatro dimensiones emergentes del material producido en las entrevistas: (1) localizaciones; (2) habilidades; (3) abordajes; (4) interacciones. Así, mostraremos cómo la experiencia de niños y niñas es múltiple en relación al diagnóstico y no es posible reducirla a una perspectiva binaria en torno al género.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Chile , Gender Identity
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369356

ABSTRACT

Las desigualdades en las condiciones de vida impactan negativamente sobre la salud mental de las personas y comunidades. Este artículo tiene por objetivo describir algunas de las principales líneas de investigación y reflexión en torno a la relación entre desigualdad y salud mental. Más que una revisión sistemática, se trata de una discusión orientada a contribuir al debate público en torno a las dimensiones materiales, simbólicas y subjetivas de la desigualdad, mencionando algunos mecanismos que permiten comprender su relación con la salud mental. Entre estas dimensiones abordamos las desigualdades de ingreso y de género, además de otras que han recibido menor atención en los estudios nacionales e internacionales: las desigualdades en la participación, en la interacción cotidiana, y las desigualdades socio-territoriales y en el uso del tiempo. Finalmente, mencionamos algunas limitaciones teóricas de la investigación tradicional sobre desigualdad en salud y sugerimos potenciales líneas de investigación que pueden orientar los estudios en torno a desigualdades y salud mental


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Justice , Mental Health , Social Determinants of Health , Socioeconomic Factors , Chile
5.
Summa psicol. UST ; 11(2): 45-56, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783365

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir el estado actual de las publicaciones en revistas de Psicología a nivel nacional respecto del tema migratorio, particularmente de la salud mental en población infanto-juvenil inmigrante. Para ello se revisaron 1.094 artículos publicados en seis revistas de Psicología en Chile durante el periodo 2003-2013. Se encontraron 26 artículos referidos a temas migratorios, los que posteriormente fueron clasificados según: tipo de investigación, proyecto asociado, apoyo institucional, nivel de análisis, población objetivo, y contexto del estudio. Los resultados indican una baja tasa de publicación en temas migratorios, y la inexistencia de artículos sobre inmigración y salud mental infanto-juvenil. Finalmente, se enfatiza en la necesidad de publicaciones en Psicología que aborden la temática, contemplando dimensiones socioculturales en sus análisis...


This paper aims to describe the current state of the national publications in journals of Psychology respect to the subject of immigration, particularly mental health in infant-juvenile immigrant population. In order to do so, 1.094 articles published in six journals of Psychology in Chile during the period 2003-2013 were reviewed. Twenty-six articles on immigration were found, which were subsequently classified by: type of research, associated project, institutional support, level of analysis, targeted population, and context of study. The results indicate a low rate of publication on the subject of immigration issues, and the lack of articles on immigration and infant-juvenile mental health. Finally, it is emphasized the need for publications in Psychology to address immigration, considering socio-cultural dimensions in their analysis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Periodicals as Topic , Mental Health , Adolescent Health , Child Health , Activities of Daily Living , Chile
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 23(4): 264-267, abr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483143

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and serovar identity of Salmonella, at the national level, in farmed Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) in Trinidad and Tobago, and to compare the relative benefits of bacterial culture to those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for use in the routine detection and surveillance of Salmonella in these ducks. METHODS: From March-September 2003, 110 fecal samples were collected from 82 farms across the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Salmonella was isolated from fresh and frozen samples and the serotype of each was determined through bacterial culture. An in-house, nested PCR that detects all pathogenic Salmonella species was utilized in analyzing the samples. RESULTS: Five samples were positive for Salmonella by bacterial culture, whereas 44 were positive by the nested PCR. Serovars isolated were Kiambu, Orion, Uganda, and two isolates from Group E1 whose H antigens could not be fully characterized. Of the samples, 87 (79 percent) gave equivalent PCR results for both enrichment broths-28 were positive for both and 59 were negative for both). However, 16 samples were positive for one broth, but not for the other, with the majority (14 of the 16) resulting positive for Selenite broth. PCR results for seven samples were inconclusive due to ambiguous band size or multiple bands near the expected band size. CONCLUSIONS: In Trinidad and Tobago, the Muscovy duck does not appear to be a significant source of S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis, but it does harbor other Salmonella species. In-house, nested PCR represents a simple, relatively inexpensive and potentially more sensitive method than bacterial culture for the routine surveillance of pathogenic Salmonella in the Muscovy duck.


OBJETIVOS: Investigar la presencia de Salmonella en patos criollos (Cairina moschata) criados en Trinidad y Tobago e identificar los serotipos circulantes en el país, así como comparar los beneficios relativos del cultivo bacteriano con respecto a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) en la detección y la vigilancia cotidianas de la Salmonella en estos patos. MÉTODOS: Entre marzo y septiembre de 2003 se tomaron 110 muestras de heces fecales de 82 granjas distribuidas por las islas de Trinidad y Tobago. Se aisló Salmonella de muestras frescas y congeladas y se determinaron los serotipos mediante el cultivo bacteriano. Se utilizó un sistema autóctono de RCP anidada que detecta todas las especies patógenas de Salmonella en las muestras. RESULTADOS: Cinco muestras resultaron positivas para Salmonella mediante el cultivo bacteriano, mientras que 44 fueron positivas mediante la RCP anidada. Se asilaron los serotipos Kiambu, Orion, Uganda y dos aislamientos del grupo E1, cuyos antígenos H no se pudieron caracterizar totalmente. Hubo coincidencia en 87 (79 por ciento) de las muestras analizadas por RCP en ambos caldos de enriquecimiento (28 positivas y 59 negativas). Sin embargo, 16 muestras positivas en un caldo resultaron negativas en el otro; la mayoría de ellas (14 de 16) resultaron positivas en caldo selenito. Siete muestras resultaron indefinidas mediante la RCP debido a tallas ambiguas de las bandas o a múltiples bandas cerca de la talla esperada. CONCLUSIONES: El pato criollo no parece ser una fuente importante de infección por S. typhimurium y S. enteritidis en Trinidad y Tobago, aunque hospeda otras especies de Salmonella. El sistema autóctono de RCP anidada constituye un método simple, relativamente económico y posiblemente más sensible que el cultivo bacteriano en la vigilancia cotidiana de especies patógenas de Salmonella en el pato criollo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ducks/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Feces/microbiology , Trinidad and Tobago
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 45(4): 193-195, July-Aug. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-345381

ABSTRACT

Faecal samples were collected from fifty three freshly captured monkeys which were kept at the Barbados Primate Research Centre and Wildlife Reserve (BPRCWR). Examination of these samples for gastrointestinal helminths using the zinc sulphate floatation method revealed an overall infection rate of 88.7 percent.The parasites observed included Strongyloides (62.4 percent), Physaloptera (58.5 percent), Trichuris (52.8 percent), Hookworm (34.0 percent), Oesophagostomum (30.2 percent), Trichostrongylus (3.8 percent) and Ascaris (5.7 percent). No significant differences in overall prevalence were observed according to sex or age. Polyparasitism appeared to be common as it was observed in 92.5 percent of all monkeys examined. It is concluded that these monkeys could act as reservoirs of some of the parasites which can infect man


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Helminthiasis, Animal , Helminths , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Monkey Diseases , Barbados , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feces , Helminthiasis, Animal , Helminths , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Monkey Diseases , Prevalence , Sex Distribution
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